Note: When cross-referencing items in the list of works cited, the alphabetical order must be kept for the entire list. Note on cross-references of several elements of an anthology: If you cite more than one essay from the same edited collection, MLA points out that you can use cross-references in your list of works cited to avoid writing the publication information for each individual essay. You should consider this option if you have multiple references from a single text. To do this, add a separate entry for the entire collection, listed with the publisher`s name as follows: Brief citations from statutes should include the section number as well as the minimum information required to determine which of the authorities cited above the citation refers to. For example, an appropriate short form for the Guano Islands law above might be: If you want to highlight the work rather than the translator, cite like any other book. Add “translated by” and follow with the name(s) of the translator(s). Bluebook Rule 15 specifies the citation format for books, reports, and other non-periodical materials. In general, the citation should include the full name of the author, the title of the book, the page cited, the name of the publisher (if applicable), the edition (if applicable), and the year of publication. Dictionaries are usually not cited, but are used at the beginning of the research to learn the meaning of words and phrases and develop a research vocabulary. After the bibliographic information, type the word or phrase with sub verb, which means “under the word”. Take a look at the following examples. In the abbreviated form of a case, you are free to shorten the name of the case to the first part or even to an abbreviated form of that party`s title. However, if the first party is a State entity, geographical entity or other such creation, this quotation may not be useful.
(Since there are so many cases where the first party is the U.S. government, for example, listing a case name like “United States” doesn`t limit it enough to be helpful.) In these cases, quote with the name of the second part instead. If you are quoting an introduction, preface, preface, or afterword, write the name of the author or authors of the play you are quoting. Then specify the name of the cited part, which must not be in italics or quotation marks. In italics, enter the name of the work and the name of the author of the introduction/foreword/foreword/afterword. End the citation with the details of the post section and page. Legal encyclopedias are usually not cited, but used at the beginning of research to learn more about a legal problem and find references to primary sources of law. The following are examples of the print and electronic versions of the two Canadian encyclopedias. To cite the entire anthology or collection, list by publisher, followed by a comma and “editors” or, for multiple publishers, “publishers.” This type of entry is quite rare.
If you are quoting a particular piece in an anthology or collection (more commonly), read A Work in an Anthology, Reference or Collection below. If the author of the play is different from the author of the entire work, write the full name of the author of the major work after the word “By”. For example, if you were to quote Hugh Dalziel Duncan`s introduction to Kenneth Burke`s book Permanence and Change, you would write the entry as follows: If the volume you are using has its own title, cite the book without referring to the other volumes as if it were an independent publication. State laws follow a similar structure, but where possible, it is sufficient to cite the appropriate section of the code. In abbreviated quotations, it is sufficient to quote by document number, but to avoid confusion, the state must be specified, unless it is a federal law. Original copies of books published before 1900 are generally defined by their place of publication, not the publisher. If you are not using a newer edition, specify the city of publication where you normally quote the publisher. The Bluebook Style Guide is used in the American legal profession to cite all relevant sources. In addition, the Chicago Manual of Style recommends its use for all citations of legal documents.
The following is a summary of the basics. It`s worth noting that the Bluebook system is considerably complex in most of these points, but here`s the level of detail it recommends for a student`s basic needs, for example. In general, you should shorten as much as possible without losing the necessary information. For example, the Blue Book recommends shortening procedural sentences to abbreviations such as “In re” or “Ex parte” and using all commonly understood abbreviations to shorten the names of the parties, such as “Univ.” instead of “University.” In addition, the names of the source and the court are usually abbreviated; In the following example citation, Federal Rules Decisions is abbreviated to “F.R.D.” and the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania to “W.D. Pa”. Sources and courts tend to have official abbreviations for this purpose, usually provided visibly to anyone who needs to quote them. The 8th edition of the MLA Handbook highlights the principles of prescriptive practices. Essentially, an author has to write the primary elements of each source such as author, title, etc., and then sort them into a general format. Using this methodology, an author can cite any source, whether or not it is included in this list.
Quote the title and publication information of the booklet, as you would in a book without an author. Brochures and promotional materials often include corporate authors (commissions, committees, or other groups that do not provide the names of individual group members). If the booklet you are quoting does not have an author, cite as described below. If your brochure has an author or author from the company, enter the name of the author (last name, first name format) or author of the company where the author`s name usually appears at the beginning of the entry. (See also books by an author or corporate organization above.) If you are quoting more than one volume of a work in multiple volumes, indicate the total number of volumes in the work. Also, be sure to include both the volume number and page number in your citation in the text (see “Citing multi-volume works” in our source for in-text citations). The Blue Book: A Unified Citation System has been the guide for generations of law students, lawyers, academics, judges and other jurists. In a diverse and rapidly evolving legal profession, the Blue Book continues to provide a systematic method by which members of the profession communicate important information to each other about the legal sources and authorities on which they rely in their work.